Clinical characteristics of exposures to liquid laundry detergent packets

Abstract

Introduction: Our objective was to describe the characteristics of liquid laundry detergent packet (LDP) exposures and to develop referral and treatment recommendations. Methods: This retrospective cohort study investigated LDP exposures reported to the National Poison Data System from January 1, 2013 through June 30, 2014. Three medical toxicologists reviewed the most significant exposures ( n = 450). Results: Of 17,857 reported LDP exposures, 13,307 involved only an LDP (no other substance) and were followed to a known medical outcome. The median age was 2 years (range 12 days to 100 years). Approximately 10% of exposures reported a major or moderate effect. The most common symptom was vomiting (51.7%; n = 6875), but stridor or aspiration pneumonia and respiratory depression secondary to central nervous system effects also occurred. Two pediatric and two adult deaths occurred, but no causal mechanism leading to death could be identified in any of the deaths. Conclusions: LDPs occasionally produce a toxidrome of vomiting, stridor, hypoxia, and sedation with metabolic acidosis and respiratory failure. These symptoms and the availability of LDPs highlight the need for referral and treatment recommendations and efforts to minimize unintentional exposures. Review of data from US poison centers may provide referral and treatment recommendations that improve patient outcomes.