Acute Renal Failure Following Accidental Cutaneous Absorption of Phenol: Application of NMR Urinalysis to Monitor the Disease Process

Author:

Foxall P. J. D1,Bending M.R.1,Gartland K.P.R.2,Nicholson J.K.2

Affiliation:

1. South West Thames Regional Renal Unit, St. Helier Hospital, Wrythe Lane, Carshalton, Surrey SM5 1AA

2. Department of Chemistry, Birkbeck College, University of London, Gordon House, 29 Gordon Street, London WC1H OPP, UK

Abstract

An unusual case of acute renal failure is reported following accidental cutaneous absorption of phenol and exposure to dichloromethane. Renal function during the onset of the nephrotoxic episode and the subsequent recovery period was monitored using a combination of standard clinical biochemical techniques and high resolution 1H-NMR urinalysis. The initial urine biochemical patterns (up to 2 weeks following exposure) showed amino aciduria, glycosuria and lactic aciduria consistent with renal cortical necrosis. There followed a period of polyuria revealing a biochemical pattern (succinic aciduria,dimethylaminuria and N,N-dimethylglycinuria) consistent with renal papillary damage. Haemodialysis was required for a period of 3 weeks and the patient was discharged 42 days after admission to hospital when renal function was normal by standard clinical chemistry criteria (urea, potassium, sodium, creatinine, calcium, phosphate, urine glucose and protein). 1H-NMR spectroscopic urinalysis revealed residual renal biochemical abnormalities consistent with renal papillary damage that were not detected by conventional analytical techniques. One year after the incident the patient is still polyuric, passing up to 3 1 of urine a day.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Toxicology

Reference17 articles.

1. Polson CJ, Green MA & Lee MR Clinical Toxicology, 3rd edition, pp. 288-295. Pitman Press, London, 1983.

2. Baselt RC Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man, 2nd edition, pp. 630-631. Biomedical Publications, Canton, Connecticut, 1982.

3. Gowenlock AH Varley's Practical Clinical Biochemistry, 6th edition, pp. 765-766. Heinemann Medical Press, London, 1988.

4. Biochemical characterisation of para-aminophenol-induced nephrotoxic lesions in the F344 rat

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