Mesenchymal stem cells pretreated with platelet-rich plasma modulate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity

Abstract

The cardiotoxic adverse effect of doxorubicin (DOX) is the major factor limiting its use. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been implicated in the preclinical studies of treatment of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. The question is MSCs pretreated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have a better influence on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity compared to the influence of MSCs alone. Twenty-four Wistar rats were categorized into control, DOX-treated, MSC-treated, and PRP/MSC-treated groups. DOX was injected for two consecutive weeks. Light microscopic, biochemical markers (interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB)), immunohistochemical (Bax, Bcl2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cardiac troponin-I (CT-I)), and oxidative/antioxidative markers (malondialdehyde (MDA)/superoxide dismutase (SOD)) were measured. Degenerative cardiac changes were detected in the DOX-treated group with complete loss of the architecture and coagulative necrosis. These changes were accompanied with the elevation of the serum level of CK-MB and loss of CT-I immunoreactivity. The major factors in the DOX-induced cardiotoxicity were the oxidative stress (elevated MDA/decreased SOD), inflammation (elevated TNF-α/decreased IL-10), and cardiac apoptosis (lower Bcl2, higher Bax, and lower Bcl2/Bax ratio). MSCs and PRP/MSCs attenuate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Better attenuation was observed in the PRP/MSC-treated group. PRP/MSC combination reduced greatly the MDA and TNF-α and increased IL-10, Bcl2/Bax ratio, and VEGF. PRP had no significant influence over the Bcl2, Bax, and SOD. In conclusion, DOX in its toxic dose induced myocardial injury. This destructive effect is related to oxidative stress, inflammation, and cardiac apoptosis. PRP/MSC possesses a better attenuation over the DOX-induced toxicity compared to MSC alone.