Stationary wavelet singular entropy based electronic tongue for classification of milk

Abstract

Electronic tongue mimics human gustatory sensation and is used to characterize and discriminate beverages and foods. Feature extraction plays a key role in improving the classification accuracy by preserving the distinct characteristics while reducing high dimensionality of data generated from electronic tongue. This paper presents a new feature extraction method based on stationary wavelet singular entropy for a developed electronic tongue system to classify pasteurized cow milk. The electronic tongue consists of an array of five working electrodes along with a reference and a counter electrode to characterize milk sample. The feature extraction of acquired data is done by computing stationary wavelet transform to obtain detail and approximate coefficients at different level of decomposition. These coefficients are processed using singular value decomposition followed by calculation of entropy to obtain stationary wavelet singular entropy values. These values form the feature set and feed to two classifiers, k-nearest neighbor and back propagation artificial neural network, and their classification accuracy is evaluated with variation in their model parameters. The proposed method is compared with other wavelet transform-entropy methods in terms of classification accuracy, which indicates that the proposed method is more effective in discriminating milk samples.