In situ simulation in the intensive care unit: A phenomenological study of staff experiences

Abstract

Objective To explore the experiences of clinical and non-clinical staff in an intensive care unit regarding the perceived benefits and drawbacks of using in situ simulation as a training tool. Methods A descriptive phenomenological qualitative study was conducted among clinical and nonclinical ICU personnel. Simulations and interviews were conducted until data saturation was achieved. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim for analysis, and interpreted using the Colaizzi method. Results Ten participant interviews generated data saturation. ISS was found to be feasible and beneficial in the ICU, facilitating experiential and emotion-based learning in real-world environments. Eight result categories were identified: simulation benefits, simulation benefits in real conditions, scenario authenticity, interference with usual work, ISS sessions, high-fidelity generating affective bonding, ISS as knowledge reinforcement, and recommendations for improvement. The fundamental structure revealed that ISS is perceived as an authentic and emotionally impactful team simulation modality that promotes experiential learning, reflection, and care improvement opportunities within the complex sociotechnical system of the ICU. Conclusions All interviewees considered ISS to be a feasible simulation tool that should be implemented in the ICU to improve knowledge and skills, thereby enhancing teamwork.