Do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors increase the risk of bleeding or mortality following coronary artery bypass graft surgery? A meta-analysis of observational studies

Abstract

Introduction: Depressive illness has a high prevalence in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). The first line treatment for depression are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) which inhibit serotonin reuptake in the presynaptic neuronal membrane and uptake by platelets, inhibiting subsequent serotonin-mediated platelet activation. This presents a theoretically increased risk of bleeding and subsequent postoperative mortality. This review aims to investigate the effects of SSRIs on postoperative bleeding, defined as the need for transfusions and re-operation for bleeding, as well as 30-day mortality in patients undergoing CABG. Method: Four hundred and thirty-seven papers were screened with seven meeting the full inclusion criteria. Results: Meta-analysis demonstrated that SSRI use increased the risk of red blood cell transfusion (odds ratio (OR) = 1.15; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-1.26), but resulted in no difference in the rate of re-operation for bleeding (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 0.66-1.74). SSRI use had no effect on the rates of platelet (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.79-1.09) or fresh frozen plasma (OR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.74-1.24) transfusion nor on the mortality rate (OR =1.03; 95 CI: 0.90-1.17). Conclusion: This review demonstrates that SSRIs are largely safe in cardiac surgery as no increase in mortality was observed. However, there is a significantly raised chance of red blood cell transfusion. The heterogeneous nature of the current evidence base highlights the need for further research into SSRIs and whether any effect on patient outcomes in cardiac surgery occurs.