Incidence and pattern of stroke among patients admitted to medical ward at Yirgalem General Hospital, Sidama Regional State, Southern-Ethiopia

Abstract

Introduction: In the current days, stroke has become one of the common reasons for admission in many health care setups and becoming an alarming public health problem in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess the incidence and associated factors of stroke among patients admitted to the medical wards in Yirgalem hospital. Methods: An institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study design was carried out from 01 January 2017, to 30 December 2019. Admitted adult patients’ medical charts were used to collect all required information using structured checklists. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 software, and a p value < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Result: From a total of 3016 admitted patients, the incidence of stroke was 3.15% (n = 95). Of the 95 stroke cases, 58.9% were males and 69.5% of them were urban dwellers. 62.1% (59/95) of the stroke patients had an ischemic stroke, whereas 37.9% (36/95) had a hemorrhagic stroke. Patients with age ⩾ 65 years, smokers, hypertension, and type-II diabetes had significantly higher ischemic stroke when compared to patients with hemorrhagic stroke (62.7% vs 30.5%, p = 0.008), (49.1% vs 11.1%, p ⩽ 0.0001), and (71.2%vs 13.9%, p < 0.0001), respectively. While patients with hypertension had a significantly higher rate of hemorrhagic stroke when compared to patients with ischemic stroke (88.9% vs 61%, p = 0.003). Conclusion: The majority of stroke patients had cardiovascular problems and hypertension. More than 44% and 34.7% of them had a history of alcoholism and smoking. Therefore, proper management of hypertension, lifestyle modification, early screening and management of strok risks and avoiding risk-full personal behaviors like smoking and alcoholism are important tools to limit or prevent stroke-related morbidity and mortality.