1. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
2. Acute Care Research Unit, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
3. Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, Ann Arbor, USA
4. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
5. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
6. Physician Organization of Michigan Accountable Care Organization, Ann Arbor, USA
7. Center for Health and Research Transformation, Ann Arbor, USA
8. Henry Ford Health, Detroit, USA
9. RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA