The Audiometric Assessment of the Effectiveness of Surgical Treatment of Otosclerosis Depending on the Preoperative Incidence of Carhart’s Notch

Abstract

Objective: The presence of Carhart’s notch at 2000 Hz in otosclerosis links the changed bone conduction for this frequency with the otosclerotic process occurring in the oval window. The aim of this study is to perform an audiometric assessment of the effectiveness of surgical treatment of otosclerosis depending on the incidence of Carhart’s notch. Methods: The analysis included 116 patients treated surgically for the first time due to otosclerosis. Patients were divided into 4 groups depending on the occurrence of Carhart’s notch, determined by pure-tone audiometry (PTA) before the surgery and 36 months afterward. The mean value of bone conduction thresholds was calculated for 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, and 3000 Hz in the groups in which the Cahart’s notch was observed. This value of bone conduction (BC) was a reference point for further analysis in patients who had no preoperative or postoperative Carhart’s notch. Results: The analysis indicated that Cahart’s notch in preoperative PTA is a statistically significant improvement factor for average BC. It was found that over a longer observation period, the presence of Carhart’s notch has adverse effects on the size of the postoperative air-bone gap, and consequently on hearing improvement after surgical treatment. A comparison between patients from the two groups without preoperative Carhart’s notch found that no beneficial effects of the surgery on speech comprehension were observed regarding high-level sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Conclusions: (1) In a long-term observation post-stapedotomy, average BC values were found to improve. Nevertheless, the improvement is less evident in patients with preoperative Carhart’s notch. (2) Disappearance of Cahart’s notch after surgical treatment of otosclerosis is a good prognosis of improvement in speech audiometry. (3) Deep SNHL in the absence of Carhart’s notch in PTA constitutes a bad prognostic factor for improvement in speech audiometry in patients qualified for surgical treatment of otosclerosis.