Impact of Endolymphatic Hydrops and Semicircular Canal Dysfunction on the Incomplete Recovery of Acute Low-Frequency Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Abstract

Objective: The reasons for short-term, incomplete recovery of some acute low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss (ALFHL) are unclear. We investigated the impact of endolymphatic hydrops and semicircular canal dysfunction on the incomplete recovery of ALFHL. Methods: The impact of electrocochleography (EcochG), caloric test, video head impulse test (vHIT), cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP), and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) results on the incomplete recovery of 86 patients with ALFHL was analyzed. The correlation between a high abnormal rate of vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) and aural fullness, dizziness, and level of hearing loss was also examined. Results: Abnormal oVEMP with an odds ratio (OR) of 6.071 ( P = .002) and EcochG with an OR of 5.919 ( P = .005) were independent risk factors for incomplete recovery in ALFHL, but abnormal cVEMP, caloric test, and vHIT were not independent risk factors for ALFHL. There was no correlation between a high abnormal rate of VEMP and aural fullness, dizziness, or level of hearing loss in ALFHL. Conclusion: Abnormal oVEMP and EcochG values rather than caloric test and vHIT were risk factors for incomplete recovery of ALFHL, which may be related to the difficulty of successfully treating utricular and cochlear hydrops. High abnormal rate of VEMP was not correlated with hearing loss level, aural fullness, or dizziness in ALFHL. Abnormal oVEMP and EcochG values can indicate poor short-term prognosis of ALFHL.