Anatomical and Functional Results of Medial and Lateral Surface of Temporal Muscle Fascia in Type 1 Tympanoplasties

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a difference in the anatomical success of the graft and the functional gain of hearing as a result of the medial or lateral surface application of the temporalis muscle fascia graft. Materials and Methods: Seventy-three patients who underwent tympanoplasty (myringoplasty) type 1 surgery due to tympanic membrane perforation between December 2017 and December 2019 were included in this study. The gender and age of the patients during this study were determined. Preoperative tympanic membrane perforation types were grouped as central, marginal subtotal, and total. Airway pure tone average threshold values were evaluated preoperatively at 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, and 4000 Hz. Findings: Seventy-three patients were included in the study. Medial surface of the temporalis muscle fascia was placed onto the manubrium mallei of the malleus with over-underlay method in group 1 (n = 37) and similarly, lateral surface of the temporalis muscle fascia was placed onto the manubrium mallei of the malleus with over-underlay method in group 2 (n = 36). After tympanoplasty, it was seen that 79.5% of the grafts were intact. Graft success was lower in total perforations than other types; 51.7% of the patients with intact graft were group 1, and there was no significant relationship between graft success and groups. As a result of the assessment made in terms of hearing gain, a statistically significant change was detected in the hearing in the postoperative sixth month compared to the preoperative period in both groups. Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrated that there is no difference in terms of the anatomical success of the graft and the functional gain of hearing with type 1 tympanoplasty surgery.