To Be or Not to Be (Black or Multiracial or White)

Author:

Chen Jacqueline M.12,de Paula Couto Maria Clara P.3,Sacco Airi M.4,Dunham Yarrow5

Affiliation:

1. Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

2. Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA

3. EduLab21, Ayrton Senna Institute, São Paulo, Brazil

4. Department of Psychology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil

5. Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA

Abstract

Culture shapes the meaning of race and, consequently, who is placed into which racial categories. Three experiments conducted in the United States and Brazil illustrated the cultural nature of racial categorization. In Experiment 1, a target’s racial ancestry influenced Americans’ categorizations but had no impact on Brazilians’ categorizations. Experiment 2 showed cultural differences in the reliance on two phenotypic cues to race; Brazilians’ categorizations were more strongly determined by skin tone than were Americans’ categorizations, and Americans’ categorizations were more strongly determined by other facial features compared to Brazilians' categorizations. Experiment 3 demonstrated cultural differences in the motivated use of racial categories. When the racial hierarchy was threatened, only Americans more strictly enforced the Black–White racial boundary. Cultural forces shape the conceptual, perceptual, and ideological construal of racial categories.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Clinical Psychology,Social Psychology

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