Comparisons of Daily Behavior Across 21 Countries

Author:

Baranski Erica N.1,Gardiner Gwen1,Guillaume Esther1,Aveyard Mark2,Bastian Brock3,Bronin Igor4,Ivanova Christina4,Cheng Joey T.5,Kock François S. de6,Denissen Jaap J. A.7,Gallardo-Pujol David8,Halama Peter9,Han Gyuseog Q.10,Bae Jaechang10,Moon Jungsoon10,Hong Ryan Y.11,Hřebíčková Martina12,Graf Sylvie12,Izdebski Paweł13,Lundmann Lars14,Penke Lars15,Perugini Marco16,Costantini Giulio16,Rauthmann John17,Ziegler Matthias17,Realo Anu1819,Elme Liisalotte19,Sato Tatsuya20,Kawamoto Shizuka20,Szarota Piotr21,Tracy Jessica L.22,Aken Marcel A. G. van23,Yang Yu24,Funder David C.1

Affiliation:

1. The University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA

2. American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE

3. University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

4. Ural Federal University, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russian

5. University of Illinois, Champaign–Urbana, Urbana, IL, USA

6. University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa

7. Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands

8. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

9. Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia

10. Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, South Korea

11. National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

12. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic

13. Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland

14. University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15. Göttingen and Leibniz Science Campus Primate Cognition, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany

16. University of Milan–Bicocca, Milan, Italy

17. Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany

18. University of Warwick, Coventry, UK

19. University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

20. Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan

21. Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

22. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

23. Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands

24. Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China

Abstract

While a large body of research has investigated cultural differences in behavior, this typical study assesses a single behavioral outcome, in a single context, compared across two countries. The current study compared a broad array of behaviors across 21 countries ( N = 5,522). Participants described their behavior at 7:00 p.m. the previous evening using the 68 items of the Riverside Behavioral Q-sort (RBQ). Correlations between average patterns of behavior in each country ranged from r = .69 to r = .97 and, in general, described a positive and relaxed activity. The most similar patterns were United States/Canada and least similar were Japan/United Arab Emirates (UAE). Similarities in behavior within countries were largest in Spain and smallest in the UAE. Further analyses correlated average RBQ item placements in each country with, among others, country-level value dimensions, personality traits, self-esteem levels, economic output, and population. Extroversion, openness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, self-esteem, happiness, and tolerant attitudes yielded more significant correlations than expected by chance.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Clinical Psychology,Social Psychology

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