Validation of American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth staging system among prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy

Abstract

Background The objective in this paper was to validate the prognostic performance of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 7th and 8th systems among prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy. Methods The surveillance, epidemiology and end results (SEER) database (2006–2014) was accessed through the SEER*Stat program and AJCC 7th and 8th editions were calculated utilizing T, N and M stages, histological grade group, as well as baseline prostatic-specific antigen (PSA). Cancer-specific and overall survival analyses according to 7th and 8th editions were conducted. Moreover, multivariate analysis was conducted through a Cox proportional hazard model. Results A total of 72,999 patients with prostate cancer were identified in the period from 2006 to 2014. Overall survival was assessed according to AJCC 7th and 8th staging systems. The test for trend for overall survival was significant ( p < 0.0001) for both staging systems. Concordance index for AJCC 7th system was: 0.791 [standard error of the mean (SE): 0.017; 95% CI: 0.758–0.825]; while concordance index for AJCC 8th system was: 0.840 (SE: 0.015; 95% CI: 0.811–0.869). In a multivariate analysis among patients with M0 disease, lower grade group, N0 stage and pT2 stage were associated with better cancer-specific survival ( p < 0.01); while PSA level did not predict cancer-specific survival. Conclusion There is a clear improvement in the discriminatory ability for AJCC 8th versus AJCC 7th staging system in the postprostatectomy setting. This may be related to better integration of biological factors into the staging system.