Microbial succession associated with organic matter decomposition during thermophilic composting of organic waste

Abstract

Using dog food as a model of the organic waste, thermophilic composting was carried out for 14 days at a fixed temperature of 60 C. The relationship between organic matter decomposition measured by CO2 evolution during the bio-stabilization process and microbial succession expressed as the changes over time in the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of 16S rDNA sequences, of micro-organisms associated with the composting material was also examined. The CO 2 evolution rate peaked on day 3 and gradually decreased until it became extremely small after day 9 of composting, indicating that vigorous organic matter decomposition ceased around this time. On the other hand, the RFLP pattern changed drastically from day 0 to day 4 or 5, then remained stable until day 7 or 8, reaching its final configuration, with little variations, after day 9 of composting. RFLP analysis therefore indicates that microbial succession continued into the later stage of composting. Nevertheless, by day 9, the rate of organic matter decomposition was so low that its influence on microbial populations could be hardly recognized by conventional methods of dilution plating. Moreover, the compost produced by day 9 showed no inhibitory effect on the growth of Komatsuna ( Brassica campestrisL. var. rapiferafroug), indicating that the maturity of compost is sufficient for plant growth when the rate of organic matter decomposition has become extremely low and the RFLP patterns become stable.