Wilhelm Keller MD (1818–1877) and the emergence of xenobiochemistry

Author:

Mitchell Stephen1ORCID,Waring Rosemary2

Affiliation:

1. Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK

2. School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

Abstract

Although there had been many previous inklings, the field of xenobiotic metabolism (as we know it today) began with an experiment reported in the 1841 literature proclaiming that the ingestion of benzoic acid led to the subsequent excretion of hippuric acid in human urine. A metabolic transformation undertaken by a living organism. One worker involved in the early stages of this discovery was Wilhelm Keller, although very little information about him is readily available. Hopefully, this article will go some way to counter this dearth and also highlight Keller's pioneering contribution in the development of the fields of drug metabolism and xenobiochemistry.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Reference47 articles.

1. Matthioli PA. Commentarii, in libros sex Pedacii Dioscoridis, Anazarbei, de medica material. Venice: V. Valgrisium 1554; p. 251, cap 118. [also 1565 edition, Venice: Valgrisiana. pp. 476–478, cap 118].

2. Initially, in chemistry the term organic (from the Greek ‘organikós’ - relating to an organ of the body) was used to signify a chemical produced by a living organism with the aid of a ‘vital force’ (enzyme-mediated catalysis, ‘high-energy’ reactive intermediates) and thought impossible to synthesize in a laboratory from inorganic components. Since that time (19th century) it has evolved into its present-day usage describing any molecule containing carbon.

3. On Gouty Concretions, with a New Method of Treatment

4. Alexander Ure MD, FRCS (1808-1866), and the beginning of drug metabolism studies

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