Musicking in Chinese kindergartens: Case studies in Qingdao

Abstract

This research asks the question: “How and why does “musicking” occur throughout the day in kindergartens in Qingdao city, Shandong Province, China?’ This study was carried out in 12 kindergartens, of which 6 were public and 6 were private. Two data collection methods were utilised: semi-structured interviews with teachers, as well as participant and non-participant observation of all activities over the research period. The research demonstrates that musicking occurs in kindergartens within three themes: (i) organised music sessions, (ii) socially functional musicking and (iii) background music. Although there were many functions that emerged during such musicking (e.g. music for physical exercises, music for fun, etc.), the most important music activity for teachers and children in kindergartens is structured music lessons, the main purpose of which is for children’s musical learning. This study not only demonstrates that organised music sessions in kindergartens were group activities within a teacher-centred teaching style, but it also reveals how teachers rely heavily on textbooks.