Cannula to Femoral Artery Diameter Ratio Predicts Potential Lower-Limb Ischemia in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery With Femoral Cannulation

Abstract

Objective: Lower-limb ischemia is a complication of minimally invasive cardiac surgery with femoral cannulation. Herein, we verified our strategy using distal perfusion cannulation (DPC) against this complication. Methods: We retrospectively assessed 91 cases of aortic valve replacement with femoral cannulation between January 2019 and March 2023. DPC was applied when lower-limb tissue oxygenation index declined by ≥20%. The cannula to femoral artery diameter ratio (C/FA) was calculated by dividing the cannula size (Fr) divided by 3 by the femoral artery inner diameter (mm). Postoperative maximum creatinine kinase (CKmax), lactate dehydrogenase (LDHmax), and lactate levels were analyzed, and univariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were employed to determine DPC predictors and the cutoff C/FA for DPC, respectively. Patients without DPC were divided into 2 subgroups based on the cutoff C/FA for further comparisons. Results: DPC was required in 9 patients. Symptomatic ischemia was not observed. All laboratory data were similar in the DPC and non-DPC groups. C/FA was significantly associated with DPC (odds ratio = 1.27, 95% confidence interval: 1.09 to 1.47, P = 0.002), and the cutoff C/FA was 0.70 (sensitivity = 0.89, specificity = 0.80). In the non-DPC group, CKmax ( P = 0.027) and LDHmax ( P = 0.041) were significantly higher in patients with C/FA ≥0.7 ( n = 16) than in those with C/FA <0.7 ( n = 66). Conclusions: Our strategy for preventing symptomatic ischemia is reasonable and could be almost achieved without DPC when C/FA is <0.7. C/FA also predicts asymptomatic potential ischemia, and proactive DPC is preferable when C/FA is ≥0.7.