Of Rice and Men: Rice Consumption-Based Estimates of Undocumented Persons in Malaysia

Author:

Nixon Stewart1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

Abstract

Quantifying undocumented populations is a persistent challenge globally. A shortage of reliable estimates limits analysis of unauthorized migrations, effective policy responses, and measures to counter anecdote-fueled immigration debates. Malaysia exemplifies the struggles of geographically exposed and institutionally constrained countries attempting to manage undocumented migration through policies based on limited data and little evaluation. To provide time series data enabling migration policy analysis and to contribute an innovative methodological approach, this article estimated Malaysia's undocumented population since 1963 by modeling the relationship between rice consumption per capita and economic development. The modeled relationship, together with known rice consumption patterns, implies an undocumented population of 2.6–2.75 million in 1963 and 6.28–8.24 million in 2017. These findings suggest that existing unauthorized migration estimation methods produce significant undercounts and that Malaysia's hidden population is much larger than believed. They also demonstrate the potential for consumption-based methods to address undocumented population data gaps globally.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous),Demography

Reference117 articles.

1. Angenendt S. 2008. “Irregular Migration as an International Problem: Risks and Options.” 4. Research Paper. Berlin. www.swp-berlin.org.

2. The Modern Census: Evolution, Examples and Evaluation

3. Black J. 2021. “Global Migration Indicators 2021.” International Organization for Migration.

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