1. University of Michigan Hospital and Health Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
2. University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
3. Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
4. Global Tracheostomy Quality Improvement Collaborative, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
5. Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA