Surgical Management of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma in the Parotid Gland

Abstract

Although adenoid cystic carcinoma may be found in multiple sites in the head and neck as well as other glandular sites throughout the body, nowhere is management of the disease more controversial than in the parotid gland. Here the facial nerve is at risk from both the disease and the treatment. Seventy-five cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the parotid were analyzed. Patients were placed in four groups, depending on the type of parotid surgery received as definitive therapy: (1) lateral lobectomy, (2) total parotidectomy, (3) radical parotidectomy without preoperative facial weakness, and (4) radical parotidectomy with preoperative facial weakness. Patients were assessed with regard to staging of the initial lesion, the status of surgical margins, and the use of postoperative radiotherapy. The incidence of local recurrence and distant metastases were also recorded. Survival statistics are presented for each group. Though associated with facial nerve sacrifice, radical parotidectomy appears to offer clear advantages in terms of long-term disease-free survival in patients with T2 and T3 lesions. The residual facial paralysis may be rehabilitated primarily or secondarily to reduce patient morbidity. Four of 16 patients (25%) with preoperative weakness achieved 10-year survival when radical parotidectomy was used. Obtaining clear margins at the initial setting appears to offer improved survival.