1. Aerodigestive and Airway Reconstruction Center, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford Children’s Health, Palo Alto, California, USA
2. Center for Pediatric Voice and Swallowing Disorders, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford Children’s Health, Palo Alto, California, USA
3. Department of Nursing Faculty, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
4. Outcomes After Critical Illness and Surgery Research Group, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
5. Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
6. Department of Health Sciences, Liberty University, Lynchburg, Virginia, USA
7. Department of Physical and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
8. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
9. Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Michigan, USA
10. Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
11. Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
12. Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
13. University of Manchester, NHS Foundation Trust, National Tracheostomy Safety Project, Manchester, UK
14. Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
15. Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
16. Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
17. Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Global Tracheostomy Collaborative, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA