1. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center, Oakland, California, USA
2. Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
3. College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, California, USA
4. Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
5. Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA