Prevalence of Persistent Olfactory Disorders in Patients With COVID-19: A Psychophysical Case-Control Study With 1-Year Follow-up

Author:

Vaira Luigi Angelo12ORCID,Salzano Giovanni13,Le Bon Serge Daniel4,Maglio Angelantonio5,Petrocelli Marzia6,Steffens Younes4,Ligas Enrica1,Maglitto Fabio13,Lechien Jerome R.78,Saussez Sven8,Vatrella Alessandro5,Salzano Francesco Antonio9,Boscolo-Rizzo Paolo10,Hopkins Claire11,De Riu Giacomo12

Affiliation:

1. Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy

2. Biomedical Science PhD School, Biomedical Science Department, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy

3. Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy

4. Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Bruxelles, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

5. Respiratory Diseases Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy

6. Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Bellaria and Maggiore Hospital–AUSL of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

7. Department of Otolaryngology–Head Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France

8. Department of Human and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium

9. Otolaryngology Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy

10. Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy

11. King’s College, London, UK

Abstract

The purpose of this multicenter case-control study was to evaluate a group of patients at least 1 year after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with Sniffin’ Sticks tests and to compare the results with a control population to quantify the potential bias introduced by the underlying prevalence of olfactory dysfunction (OD) in the general population. The study included 170 cases and 170 controls. In the COVID-19 group, 26.5% of cases had OD (anosmia in 4.7%, hyposmia in 21.8%) versus 3.5% in the control group (6 cases of hyposmia). The TDI score (threshold, discrimination, and identification) in the COVID-19 group was significantly lower than in the control group (32.5 [interquartile range, 29-36.5] vs 36.75 [34-39.5], P < .001). The prevalence of OD was significantly higher in the COVID-19 group, confirming that this result is not due to the underlying prevalence of OD in the general population.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Otorhinolaryngology,Surgery

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