Practical Management of Bell's Palsy

Abstract

Bell's palsy is an acute unilateral weakness or paralysis of the face resulting from peripheral facial nerve dysfunction. While there is no readily Identifiable cause, there is some recovery of function within 6 months. This article offers practical guidelines for diagnosing and treating Bell's palsy. These guidelines are based on the author's experience with 63 patients over the last 8 years. Physical examination should reveal diffuse nerve involvement, normal otoscopic findings, and no skin blebs or blisters and parotid masses. Other cranial nerve palsies may be present. Diagnostic testing should Include basic audiometry if available, and computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scanning if paralysis Is present. Facial photography is recommended. Topognostic testing is not helpful because It no longer guides the surgical approach, and prognostic tests are not necessary if the face is not paralyzed. The only sufficiently sensitive test to determine the need for possible surgery is electroneurography. Eye care Is critical in all but the mildest cases, and steroids may also be helpful. Surgery is rarely needed and should consist only of middle fossa total decompression; simple decompression of the tympanic and mastoid segments is seldom helpful. The natural history of the disease and the limited role of surgery provide new guidelines for practical management of Bell's palsy.