Low body weight and clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome patients: results of the ACHILLES Registry

Abstract

Background: Being overweight increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality. However, among high-body-weight patients with established acute coronary syndrome (ACS) this evidence is not clear. In this scenario, a low body weight (LBW) has been proposed to confer higher prognostic risk and higher bleeding risk with new P2Y12 inhibitors. Aims: We aimed to examine differences in mortality, catheterizations/revascularizations, antiplatelet therapy and ischemic/bleeding adverse events between ACS patients with LBW. Methods: This is a multicenter registry involving 1576 consecutive ACS patients (ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-STEMI, or unstable angina) from three tertiary institutions. Patients were divided into two groups: LBW (weight < 60 kg, n = 176) and non-LBW (weight ⩾ 60 kg, n = 1400). During 12 months follow-up, we recorded management (catheterizations/revascularizations), antiplatelet therapy, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), bleeding events (BARC classification), and mortality. Results: Catheterizations (86.4% vs. 93.4%; p = 0.001) and revascularizations (64.8% vs. 76.1%; p = 0.001) were significantly lower in the LBW group. At discharge, prescription of new P2Y12 inhibitors was also lower in LBW patients (24.4% vs. 37.8%; p = 0.001). After 12-month follow-up, the incidence of MACE (HR 1.61 (95% CI 1.03–2.50]; p = 0.038) and mortality (HR 2.18 (95% CI 1.33–3.58); p = 0.002) was higher in LBW patients compared with non-LBW. In contrast, there were no significant differences for bleeding events. Conclusions: LBW in ACS patients was associated with higher incidence of MACE and mortality. In this group of patients less catheterizations and coronary revascularizations were performed. Despite there being no differences in bleeding rates, new P2Y12 inhibitors were less prescribed in LBW patients.