Effect of the variation of the electrodeposition time of hydroxyapatite/chitosan coatings on AISI 316L SS

Abstract

Type AISI 316 L Stainless Steel (316 L SS) plays a crucial role in bone replacement surgery due to its excellent mechanical features, availability at low cost, and ease of fabrication, but its performance is low when in contact with the aggressive conditions of the human body fluids. Chitosan (CTS) is a biopolymer that blended with hydroxyapatite (HAp) could form coatings to improve surface properties of a metallic orthopedic prosthesis, i.e., corrosion-resistance to the base metal and biocompatibility of the ceramic on the metal surface. This work aims to obtain and evaluate HAp/CTS composite coatings deposited on the surface of AISI 316 L SS substrate by electrophoretic deposition (EDP) technique. The influence of the time of deposition on the coating’s characteristics and properties was characterized and discussed. The coatings were structural, elemental, and chemically characterized using X-Ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. HV values in a range of 64.7 to 111.5 were observed, showing the lowest HAp/CTS-30.0 coating values for all the loads applied. The lowest HV value was nearby to the reported value for human bone’s hardness, around 47HV; considering that the coating will be in constant contact motion with the bone surface, the contact with a softer surface could decrease the wear on the human bone. The hardness decreases with the coating thickness’s increment because the coating presented a higher plastic deformation than the 316 L SS surfaces. A decrease in the roughness average (Ra) was well noticed as the deposition time increased; meanwhile, the thickness increased as the deposition time increased.