Diversity and complexity of urinary tract infection in diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common burden in patients with diabetes mellitus. Cystitis, ascending infections leading to pyelonephritis, emphysematous complications and renal and perinephric abscesses are well recognised in this group of patients especially if glycaemic control is poor. Despite the clinical significance of UTI in diabetes, it is inadequately understood and management regimens are mostly not evidence based. Anticipation of potential complications and earlier interventions are vital to reduce serious adverse outcomes. Herein we discuss the aetiology, pathogenesis and management of UTI and its local and more remote complications.