Age-related trends in urine specific gravity in apparently healthy cats

Abstract

Objectives Urine specific gravity (USG) is the most common method for the estimation of urine concentration in cats. Utilization of USG as a screening tool is easily accessible and is of low cost to the client if strategically utilized in settings of higher diagnostic value. There is currently minimal population information regarding how USG changes across ages in cats. Methods Data were collected from electronic pet medical records from more than 1000 hospitals and screened for cats with an apparently healthy clinical status and complete diagnostic information. USG was compared with age in multiple analyses to examine the relationship between the variables. Results In the absence of other indicators of disease, renal concentrating ability begins to diminish, on average, starting at approximately 9 years of age. By age group, cats aged 11–15 years (1.044, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.043–1.044) had statistically significantly lower mean USGs compared with cats aged less than 1 year (1.049, 95% CI 1.048–1.051; P <0.001), 1–6 years (1.049, 95% CI 1.049–1.050; P <0.001) or 7–10 years (1.049, 95% CI 1.048–1.049; P <0.001). Cats aged ⩾15 years (1.038, 95% CI 1.036–1.040) had statistically significantly lower mean USGs compared with cats aged less than 1 year ( P <0.001), 1–6 years ( P <0.001), 7–10 years ( P <0.001) or 11–15 years ( P <0.001). Conclusions and relevance Renal concentrating ability begins to diminish, on average, starting at approximately 9 years of age and is progressive as cat age increases. This study provides important and new information to help improve screening practices for disorders of concentrating ability in cats.