Hospitality Educators Can Be Better . Teachers Through Goal Structuring

Abstract

Hospitality educators can be more effective teachers by using goal structuring appropriately in their classrooms. There are three kinds of goal structures: cooperative, individualistic, and competitive. The cooperative goal structure should be used whenever problem solving, divergent thinking, or creativity is desired; and wheneverquality of performance is expected, the task is complex, the learning goals are highly important and the social development of students is one of the major instructional goals. The individualistic goal structure should be used when there is a specific skill orspecific series of facts to be learned The competitivegoal structure should be used when the instructional goal is to review, drill, or achieve quantity on simple tasks.