Serum IL-6/IL-10 ratio as a biomarker for the diagnosis and severity assessment of primary-open angle glaucoma

Abstract

Objective: To assess the performance of serum cytokine IL-6 and IL-6/IL-10 ratio as biomarkers for the diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and for determining its progression. Methods: In this study, 20 POAG patients and 21 healthy individuals from the Indonesian population were enrolled. The serum concentration of IL-6 and IL-10 were quantified. Comparative analysis was performed in addition to assessment of the diagnostic performance of cytokines using receiver-operating-curve (ROC) analysis. Results: POAG patients had a higher IL-6 ( p < 0.0001) and IL-6/IL-10 ratio ( p < 0.0001) than controls. Among the POAG subjects, advanced-stage patients exhibited a higher IL-6/IL-10 ratio than those in the early-moderate stage ( p = 0.001; p = 0.006). The ROC curve analysis showed that both IL-6 level and IL-6/IL-10 ratio exhibited an excellent capability of diagnosing POAG (cut-off of 20.5 pg/mL (100% sensitivity and 94% specificity) and 4.4 (88% sensitivity and 94% specificity), respectively). Serum IL-6/IL-10 ratio displayed a better performance than IL-6 in discriminating POAG severity with cut-off of at least 6.6 (sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 90%) and 9.1 (sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 78%) classified according to C/D ratio and MD of VF, respectively. Conclusion: The balance between IL-6 and IL-10 serum levels is potentially useful in discriminating POAG severity.