Birth prevalence and characteristics of congenital corneal opacities

Author:

Borik Kaitlynn1,Mohney Brian G.2ORCID,Hodge David23,Reynolds Margaret M.4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA

2. Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

3. Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

4. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA

Abstract

Purpose/Aim To report the birth prevalence and natural history of congenital corneal opacities among a population-based cohort of children. Materials and methods The medical records of patients <5 years diagnosed with a congenital onset corneal opacity while residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from January 1, 1977, through December 31, 2016, were retrospectively reviewed. Results Fourteen patients were diagnosed with a congenital corneal opacity during the 40-year study period for a birth prevalence of 1 in 5188 live births. The mean age at diagnosis was 7.5 months (range 0–48 months) and 9 (64.3%) were males. Four patients had congenital glaucoma, 4 had limbal dermoids, 2 had sclerocornea, and 1 patient each had Descemet's tear from birth trauma, herpes simplex virus type 1 keratitis, corneal leukoma, and an undiagnosed scar. Six (42.8%) patients required treatment for their underlying corneal opacity including the four patients with congenital glaucoma. The other 8 (57.1%) patients had a clear central axis. Four (28.6%) of 14 patients required amblyopia therapy, and 4 (28.6%) developed strabismus. Four (28.6%) patients had associated systemic conditions. During a mean follow up of 5.4 years (range 1.3–27.0 years), the median best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was logmar 0.16 (20/25) (range 20/20-hand motion) with one patient with unilateral BCVA less than 20/60 and one patient with bilateral BCVA less than 20/60. Conclusions In this 40-year cohort, congenital corneal opacities were relatively rare and the result of a variety of disorders. Although amblyopia and strabismus occurred commonly, most patients had good visual outcomes.

Funder

National Institute on Aging

Mayo Clinic

Research to Prevent Blindness

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Ophthalmology,General Medicine

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1. Herpes simplex keratitis: A brief clinical overview;World Journal of Virology;2024-03-25

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