Static and dynamic pupillary characteristics in multiple sclerosis

Abstract

Purpose: To examine the static and dynamic pupillary functions with automated pupillography in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with preserved visual acuity. Methods: Forty-seven MS patients with preserved visual acuity were included in the study group and 43 healthy volunteers in the control group. The visual evoked potential of the patients was obtained. After routine ophthalmologic examination contrast sensitivity and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were measured. Finally scotopic, mesopic, and photopic pupillographies followed by dynamic pupillography were undertaken, and the pupillary dilatation speed was calculated. Results: The contrast sensitivity and RNFL thickness of the MS group were significantly lower than those of the control group ( p < 0.05; for both). In the MS and control groups, the scotopic pupil diameters were 5.48 ± 1.03 and 5.28 ± 0.78 mm, mesopic pupil diameters were 4.82 ± 0.83 and 4.48 ± 0.70 mm, and photopic pupil diameters were 3.84 ± 0.79 and 3.42 ± 0.49 mm, respectively ( p = 0.315, p = 0.044, and p = 0.004, respectively). In dynamic pupillography, the pupil in the MS group was more dilated than control group at all time sections examined except the sixth second ( p < 0.05; for all). Although the mean pupillary dilation speed in the first second was higher in the MS group ( p = 0.044), there was no significant difference between the groups for the other time intervals examined ( p > 0.05; for all). There was no correlation between pupillary parameters and P100-wave latency, RNFL thickness, or contrast sensitivity ( p > 0.05; for all). Conclusions: Static and dynamic pupillary functions may be affected in MS patients with preserved visual acuity. Although scotopic pupillary functions are preserved, mesopic, and photopic pupil functions are weakened.