Valsalva retinopathy: Long-term results and management strategies

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the long-term results and efficacy of the treatment modalities for preretinal hemorrhage due to valsalva retinopathy. Methods: Retrospective review was conducted on 24 eyes of 24 patients with valsalva retinopathy who were treated between 2004 and 2019. These patients were treated with Nd:YAG laser, argon laser and vitrectomy or were only observed. Nd:YAG laser hyaloidotomy was performed in 10 eyes, argon laser was applied to two of those following failed Nd:YAG laser, and vitrectomy was performed in one eye. A conservative approach was adopted in 13 eyes. Results: There were 15 females and nine males with mean age of 41.08 ± 12.72 (21–65) years. Mean follow-up period was 42.83 ± 23.78 (range: 12–116) months. Patients with hemorrhage size smaller than or equal to 4-disc diameter were observed for spontaneous resorption and achieved 20/20 visual acuity within 6 months. Visual acuity of all patients treated with Nd:YAG and/or argon laser, increased within the first week after the treatment. Vitrectomy was performed in only one patient with hemorrhage located away from macula. The good visual outcomes were achieved in all treatment modalities. Conclusions: Observation, Nd:YAG laser and argon laser seem to be safe and effective approaches for eyes with valsalva retinopathy. The size, volume and duration of hemorrhage are the most crucial factors for treatment choice, success and complications.