Spectrum of conjunctival tumours in a Spanish series: A review of 462 cases

Abstract

Introduction: To report the spectrum and frequency of conjunctiva tumours in an ocular oncology unit analysing the clinical profile of benign, precancerous and malignant conjunctival lesions. Methods: A retrospective case series of 462 consecutive patients diagnosed at the Ocular Oncology Unit of the University Hospital of Valladolid from 1992 to 2017. Results: Among 462 consecutive patients, the tumour was classified as melanocytic in 252 (54.5%) and non-melanocytic in 210 (45.5). Two hundred forty-eight males (mean age 51.63 (SD = 23.20)) and 214 females (mean age 48.27 (SD = 21.77)) were included. Mean patient age at diagnosis was 50.07 years (range = 1-92 years). The majority of tumours were benign (n = 307 (66.5%)) followed by precancerous (n = 103 (22.3%)) and finally by malignant ones (n = 52 (11.3%)). Benign lesions were predominantly found in younger individuals rather than premalignant (p < 0.05) and malignant ones (p < 0.05). Most of the melanocytic lesions were benign (88.5%), most epithelial ones were precancerous (61.4%) and most lymphoid lesions were malignant (56.3%). Tumours involving one or four quadrants of the ocular surface usually were benign, unlike tumours involving three quadrants that were malignant (16 (48.5%) p < 0.05). The majority of benign lesions were detected on females (n = 163 (53.1%)) by routine examination (n = 178 (86.4%)). However, main complaint in malignant tumours was the growth of the lesion (n = 39 (76.5%)). Conclusion: Most of the conjunctival tumours were melanocytic, mostly benign, closely followed by those of epithelial origin, with a predominance of precancerous lesions. Melanocytic, epithelial and lymphoid tumours accounted for over 90% of cases. A trend was identified with benign lesions being found in younger female patients on routine examination.