Choroidal structural features of acquired vitelliform lesions in non-exudative age-related macular degeneration

Abstract

Purpose To define the choroidal morphological characteristics of non-exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) cases associated with acquired vitelliform lesions (AVLs). Methods This retrospective study included intermediate AMD patients with AVLs (Group1, 21eyes) and without AVLs (Group2, 21eyes). A healthy control group was (Group3, 23eyes) also included. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), greatest basal diameter (GBD), and maximum height (MH) of the largest PED were measured on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Internal reflectivity of PEDs and total choroidal area (TCA) were measured using ImageJ software. The TCA was binarized to the luminal area (LA) and stromal area. The choroidal vascularity index (CVI) was assessed. Results The mean SFCT, TCA, and LA were higher in Group 1 (290.3 ± 86.8 μm, 0.840 ± 0.302 mm2, 0.602 ± 0.227 mm2) than in Group 2 (215.6 ± 85.0 μm, 0.594 ± 0.183 mm2, 0.429 ± 0.139 mm2) ( p = 0.014, p = 0.017, p = 0.020, respectively). There was no significant difference in the CVI measurements between Group 1 and Group 2 (p = 1.000). The mean GBD and MH of the PED was higher in Group 1 (1443 ± 595 µm, 188 ± 86 µm) than in Group 2 (851 ± 368 µm, 119 ± 38 µm) ( p = <0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). Internal PED reflectivity was significantly lower in Group 1 (0.44 ± 0.21) than in Group 2 (0.66 ± 0.17) ( p = <0.001). Internal PED reflectivity showed negative correlation with GBD and MH of the PED in Group 1 (r = −0.587, p = 0.005; rho = −0.448, p = 0.042, respectively). In Group 2, internal PED reflectivity had a negative correlation with MH of the PED (rho = −0.511, p = 0.018). Conclusion Non-exudative AMD patients with AVLs are more prone to have a thick choroid and large hyporeflective PEDs as compared to the those without AVLs.