Update and guidance on management of myopia. European Society of Ophthalmology in cooperation with International Myopia Institute-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Update and guidance on management of myopia. European Society of Ophthalmology in cooperation with International Myopia Institute

Published:2021-03-05 Issue: Volume: Page:112067212199896
ISSN:1120-6721
Container-title:European Journal of Ophthalmology
language:en
Short-container-title:European Journal of Ophthalmology

Author:

Németh János¹^ORCID,Tapasztó Beáta¹²,Aclimandos Wagih A³,Kestelyn Philippe⁴,Jonas Jost B⁵,De Faber Jan-Tjeerd H N⁶,Januleviciene Ingrida⁷^ORCID,Grzybowski Andrzej⁸⁹,Nagy Zoltán Zsolt¹,Pärssinen Olavi¹⁰,Guggenheim Jeremy A¹¹,Allen Peter M¹²,Baraas Rigmor C¹³,Saunders Kathryn J¹⁴^ORCID,Flitcroft Daniel Ian¹⁵¹⁶,Gray Lyle S¹⁷,Polling Jan Roelof¹⁸¹⁹,Haarman Annechien EG¹⁸^ORCID,Tideman J Willem L¹⁸,Wolffsohn James Stuart²⁰,Wahl Siegfried²¹²²^ORCID,Mulder Jeroen A¹⁹,Smirnova Irina Yurievna²³,Formenti Marino²⁴,Radhakrishnan Hema²⁵,Resnikoff Serge²⁶²⁷^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

2. Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

3. King’s College Hospital, London, UK

4. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium

5. Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany

6. Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

7. Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania

8. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland

9. Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Foundation for Ophthalmology Development, Poznan, Poland

10. Gerontology Research Centre and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland

11. School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

12. Vision and Hearing Sciences Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK

13. National Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway

14. Centre for Optometry and Vision Science research, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK

15. Temple Street Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

16. Centre for Eye Research Ireland (CERI) Technological University Dublin, Ireland

17. Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK

18. Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

19. Department of Optometry and Orthoptics, Hogeschool Utrecht, University of Applied Science, Utrecht, The Netherlands

20. Optometry and Vision Science, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK

21. Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

22. Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Tübingen, Germany

23. Siberian Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Myopia “Glazka”, Novosibirsk, Russia

24. Department of Physics, School of Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

25. The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

26. School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

27. Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia

Abstract

The prevalence of myopia is increasing extensively worldwide. The number of people with myopia in 2020 is predicted to be 2.6 billion globally, which is expected to rise up to 4.9 billion by 2050, unless preventive actions and interventions are taken. The number of individuals with high myopia is also increasing substantially and pathological myopia is predicted to become the most common cause of irreversible vision impairment and blindness worldwide and also in Europe. These prevalence estimates indicate the importance of reducing the burden of myopia by means of myopia control interventions to prevent myopia onset and to slow down myopia progression. Due to the urgency of the situation, the European Society of Ophthalmology decided to publish this update of the current information and guidance on management of myopia. The pathogenesis and genetics of myopia are also summarized and epidemiology, risk factors, preventive and treatment options are discussed in details.

Funder

Welsh Government and Fight for Sight

International Myopia Institute

Institute for Research in Ophthalmology

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Ophthalmology,General Medicine

Link

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1120672121998960

Reference363 articles.

1. Global Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia and Temporal Trends from 2000 through 2050