Short-term peripapillary structural and vascular changes following anti-VEGF vs. Dexamethasone intravitreal therapy in patients with DME

Abstract

Purpose To evaluate short-term peripapillary structural and vascular changes in DME after treatment with dexamethasone implant (DEX-I) and anti-VEGFs using OCT-A. Methods Sixty-five patients with naïve center-involving DME were enrolled. 33 of sixty five patients (group 1) underwent with single DEX-I 0.7 mg (Ozurdex, Allergan, Inc., USA), 32 of sixty-five (group 2) underwent with intravitreal injection of aflibercept 0.5 mg (Eylea, Bayer, Genentech, San Francisco, USA). The OCT acquisition was completed at the following visits: (i) “T1 visit” corresponding to the intravitreal injection of DEX-I or aflibercept in patients with naïve center-involving DME (ii) “T2 visit” corresponding to the examination performed 2 weeks after intravitreal injection of aflibercept and 1 month after DEX-I. The parameters analyzed were: (i) RPC vasculature density (VD); (ii) peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, and (iii) intraocular pressure (IOP). Results The RPC analysis showed a VD increase at T2 in both groups, although values did not reach statistical significance (48.12± 4.17 and 49.04 ± 4.23; P = 0.081 in Group 1 and 46.93± 3.16 and 47.17 ± 3.70; P = 0.087 in Group 2). Likewise, the pRNFL thickness and IOP fluctuations did not show statistically significant changes in in both groups among the different study visits. Conclusions After intravitreal injection (anti-VEGF or DEX-I), no significant short-term changes were found in peripapillary microvasculature, IOP and pRNFL thickness in diabetic eyes treated with anti-VEGF or DEX-I.