An Introduction to Clinical Significance: An Alternative Index of Intervention Effect for Group Experimental Designs

Abstract

The present article provides an overview of two result interpretation aids commonly used in group experimental design research: (a) statistical significance testing and (b) practical significance (i.e., effect sizes). The limitations of each are described and an alternative index is discussed: clinical significance. Clinical significance, which focuses on meaningful change, differs from both statistical and practical significance. Basic concepts associated with clinical significance, including reliable change estimates and criteria for determining clinical significance, are addressed. A heuristic example is presented to demonstrate various levels of clinical significance.