Associating emotions with Wagner’s music: A developmental perspective

Author:

Andrade Paulo E.1,Vanzella Patrícia2,Andrade Olga V. C. A.3,Schellenberg E. Glenn4

Affiliation:

1. Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London, London, UK

2. Unit for Cognition and Complex Systems, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil, and Department of Music, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil

3. Department of Pedagogical Studies, School of Elementary and Secondary Education, Colégio Criativo, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil

4. Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada, and Faculty of Music, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Abstract

Brazilian listeners ( N = 303) were asked to identify emotions conveyed in 1-min instrumental excerpts from Wagner’s operas. Participants included musically untrained 7- to 10-year-olds and university students in music (musicians) or science (nonmusicians). After hearing each of eight different excerpts, listeners made a forced-choice judgment about which of eight emotions best matched the excerpt. The excerpts and emotions were chosen so that two were in each of four quadrants in two-dimensional space as defined by arousal and valence. Listeners of all ages performed at above-chance levels, which means that complex, unfamiliar musical materials from a different century and culture are nevertheless meaningful for young children. In fact, children performed similarly to adult nonmusicians. There was age-related improvement among children, however, and adult musicians performed best of all. As in previous research that used simpler musical excerpts, effects due to age and music training were due primarily to improvements in selecting the appropriate valence. That is, even 10-year-olds with no music training were as likely as adult musicians to match a high- or low-arousal excerpt with a high- or low-arousal emotion, respectively. Performance was independent of general cognitive ability as measured by academic achievement but correlated positively with basic pitch-perception skills.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Psychology (miscellaneous),Music

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