A comparative study of serotonin and norepinephrine as adjuncts to improve cutaneous antinociception of mexiletine in response to skin pinpricks in rats

Abstract

As adrenaline, serotonin and norepinephrine are two other vasoconstrictors and both of which have been proved to increase the quality and duration of local anesthetics when added as adjuvants. However, the difference in the improvement of the nociception of local anesthetics between the two adjuvants remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the cutaneous nociception of mexiletine by coadministration with serotonin and norepinephrine. Subcutaneous injection of drugs or combinations includes mexiletine 0.6, 1.8, 6.0 μmol, serotonin 1.6500 μmol, noradrenaline 0.8895 nmol, saline, mexiletine 1.8 and 6.0 μmol, respectively combined with serotonin 0.4125, 0.8250, 1.6500 μmol and noradrenaline 0.0356, 0.1779, 0.8895 nmol, with each injection dose of 0.6 ml. The nociception of mexiletine alone and mexiletine coadministered with serotonin and norepinephrine was assessed after subcutaneous injection. Subcutaneous injections of mexiletine elicited dose-related cutaneous antinociception ( P < 0.05, 0.01, or 0.001). Compared with mexiletine (1.8 μmol), adding norepinephrine (except for lowest dose) and serotonin to mexiletine (1.8 μmol) solutions for skin nociceptive block potentiated and prolonged the action ( P < 0.01 or 0.001). Mexiletine (6.0 μmol) combined with norepinephrine and serotonin extended the duration of cutaneous antinociception when compared with mexiletine (6.0 μmol) alone ( P < 0.05, 0.01, or 0.001). Both serotonin and norepinephrine improve the sensory block and enhances the nociceptive block duration of mexiletine, and serotonin is superior to that of norepinephrine.