Depressive Symptoms, Perceived Stress, and Associated Socio-Demographic and Diabetes-Related Factors in People With Type 2 Diabetes in Nepal

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms and perceived stress among people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Nepal. Using a cross-sectional design, we collected data from 481 participants with T2DM in Kavrepalanchok and Nuwakot districts of Nepal. Depressive symptoms and perceived stress were assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Perceived Stress Scale, respectively. Associated independent variables were examined using binary logistic regression analyses. Of 481 participants, 123 (25.8%) had depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score ≥5) and 156 (32.4%) experienced perceived stress. Low monthly income (<USD 215.52) and low diabetes medication adherence were significantly associated with both depressive symptoms and perceived stress. Mandatory screening and timely treatment for mental health conditions and assessment of medication adherence should be incorporated in the routine primary care of T2DM patients. A person-centred approach to T2DM management, considering the socio-economic determinants of the disease, should be prioritized by the healthcare system. Future studies should identify integrated care for the prevention and management of mental health comorbidities.