Examining the Association Between Household Enrollment in the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) and Wasting and Stunting Status Among Children Experiencing Poverty in the Philippines: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author:

Bustos Monica1,Lau Lincoln L.123,Kirkpatrick Sharon I.1,Dubin Joel A.14,Manguerra Helena2,Dodd Warren1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

2. International Care Ministries, Manila, Philippines

3. Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

4. Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

Abstract

This study assessed whether enrollment in a national conditional cash transfer program was associated with wasting and stunting among children experiencing extreme poverty in the Philippines. Data were drawn from cross-sectional surveys collected from 10 regional areas in the Philippines between April 2018 and May 2019. A total of 2945 children aged between six months and 12 years comprised the analytical sample. Multilevel logistic regression was conducted to estimate the association between enrollment in Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) and stunting and wasting, controlling for sociodemographic factors and clustering by region. There was no meaningful association between household enrollment in 4Ps and the wasting status of children, but enrollment in 4Ps was associated with lower odds of stunting and differed by geography type. Findings suggest that the current design of 4Ps may not address sudden shocks that contribute to wasting, but may address the underlying socioeconomic risk factors associated with stunting.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

Reference30 articles.

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2. United Nations Children’s Fund. Improving Child Nutrition: The achievable imperative for global progress. New York, NY: UNICEF; 2013. Accessed October 30, 2022. https://data.unicef.org/resources/improving-child-nutrition-the-achievable-imperative-for-global-progress/

3. The impact of conditional cash transfer programmes on child nutrition: a review of evidence using a programme theory framework

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5. Global Nutrition Report. The burden of malnutrition at a glance. Philippines: Global Nutrition Report. Date unknown. Accessed September 15, 2021. https://globalnutritionreport.org/resources/nutrition-profiles/asia/south-eastern-asia/philippines/

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