Trends in Socioeconomic and Nutritional Status of Children Younger Than 6 Years in India

Abstract

The main aims of this study are to find out the trends in the ( a) prevalence of undernutrition and severe anemia and ( b) degree of association of undernutrition and severe anemia in children younger than 6 years in India with some socioeconomic variables. Using the Reproductive and Child Health Survey data, z score of weight for age and hemoglobin status were analyzed to understand the state and agewise variation and their association with the sociodemographic variables through logistic regression. The prevalence of malnutrition according to both the criteria was first seen to increase, attain a maximum value at some age between 12 and 48 months, and then decrease. Statewise distribution showed a close link between the stage of development and the prevalence of malnutrition—prevalence rate being less for developed states. The rates were also less for the Northeastern states of India. The regression analysis clearly points out that children with illiterate mothers, of lower age groups, or from low standard of living households are more prone to become malnourished. The economic growth alone is not sufficient for substantially reducing malnutrition. It is necessary to improve the rate of literacy, especially of women, to reduce the prevalence of malnutrition and anemia among children. It is not only economic development but also overall human development that is needed in India.