Centrality, Mobility, and Specialization: A Study of Drug Markets in a Non-metropolitan Area in the United Kingdom

Abstract

This article empirically explores the structure and mechanisms underpinning the local drug markets in a non-metropolitan area in the United Kingdom. It relies on 3 years’ worth of police records supplemented with qualitative evidence. It shows that, overall, supplying drugs is a rather fragmented business; yet, there are indications of structural differentiation both in terms of positions and roles. Furthermore, substantial differences emerge across drug types—with heroin and cocaine networks showing a higher tendency toward cooperation and group formation (higher average degree and lower fragmentation). This might be due to a higher need for protection and more complex supply chains. Drug suppliers tend to specialize in relation to the Class A drugs, their role in the market, and the territory in which they operate. Finally, members of organized crime groups possess significantly higher degree centrality than non-members, suggesting an ability to exert influence on the market.