1. Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
2. Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
3. Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
4. AMERSA, Inc, RI, USA
5. Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
6. Program for Addiction Research, Clinical Care, Knowledge, and Advocacy (PARCKA), Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
7. Vulnerable Veteran Innovative Patient-Aligned-Care-Team, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
8. VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA