Characteristics and Outcomes of 7620 Multiple Sclerosis Patients Admitted With COVID-19 in the United States

Abstract

Background At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, several experts raised concerns about its impact on Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients. This study aims to provide a perspective using the biggest inpatient database from the United States. Method We screened for COVID-19 cases between April to December 2020, via the 2020 National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Various outcomes were analyzed. Results We identified 1,628,110 hospitalizations with COVID-19, including 7620 (.5%) MS patients. 8.9% of MS patients with COVID-19 died, and it was lower than non-MS cases (12.9%). Less MS patients with COVID-19 needed non-invasive ventilation (4.5% vs 6.4%) and mechanical ventilation (9.0% vs 11.2%). Furthermore, MS patients with COVID-19 reported higher odds of non-invasive ventilation if they were ≥60 years, had chronic pulmonary disease (CPD), obesity, or diabetes. Private insurance beneficiaries showed reduced risk, vs Medicare. Similarly, for mechanical ventilation, those ≥60 years, with alcohol abuse, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, or dialysis had higher odds, while females, smokers, and those with depression or hyperlipidemia showed reduced odds. The study revealed higher odds of mortality among those aged ≥60, who had CPD, obesity, CKD, or a history of old MI while females, smokers, as well as those with depression, and hyperlipidemia showed better outcomes. Blacks had lower odds, whereas Hispanics had higher odds of death, vs Whites. Medicaid and Privately insured patients had lower odds of dying vs Medicare. Conclusion We found several differences in patient characteristics and outcomes among MS and non-MS patients with COVID-19.