Telemedicine vs. in-person delivery of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy for patients with medically unexplained pain: A 12-month randomized, controlled trial

Abstract

Introduction This study examined the effectiveness of telemedicine in providing psychotherapy to patients with medically unexplained pain (MUP) who may not have access to in-person treatment. The impact of Internet-delivered intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ID-ISTDP) was investigated for MUP via video teleconferencing (Skype™). Methods A randomized, controlled trial of ISTDP, an evidence-based intervention for MUP, was conducted to compare delivery modalities on variations in MUP symptoms. Eighty-one participants with MUP were randomized to either ID-ISTDP ( n = 39) or in-person ISTDP ( n = 42). Outcome variables included the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale and the Quality of Life Inventory. In addition, exploratory analyses were used to examine acceptability, satisfaction and compliance in both conditions. Participants were assessed prior to intervention, immediately following the intervention, and 12 months after. Results In the intention-to-treat analysis, in-person ISTDP participants had significantly lower pain intensity than ID-ISTDP participants, both immediately following the intervention ( d = 0.97) and at the 12-month follow-up ( d = 0.82). Moreover, there were significant decreases in depression, anxiety and stress as well as a greater increase in emotion regulation functioning, mindfulness and quality of life observed in the in-person ISTDP group at the end of the intervention and 12 months after the treatment when compared to the ID-ISTDP group. Participants rated both treatment conditions as equally credible and satisfying. Conclusion ISTDP seems most effective when delivered in person in treating MUP patients with highly comorbid conditions with benefits maintained over 12 months.