A Nationwide Analysis of the Impact of Cardiopulmonary Anomalies on Cleft Palate Surgical Outcomes

Abstract

Objective To increase awareness and improve perioperative care of patients with cleft palate (CP) and coexisting cardiopulmonary anomalies. Design Retrospective cohort. Setting Multi-center. Patients/Participants Patients who underwent surgical repair of CP between 2012–2020 identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric Data File. Chi-squared analysis and Student's t-test were implemented to make associations between congenital heart disease (CHD) and congenital pulmonary disease (CPD) and postoperative complications. Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify associations between CP and CHD/CPD while controlling for age, gender, and ASA class. C2 values were used to assess the logistic regressions, with a significance level of 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Main Outcomes Measures Length of stay (LOS), perioperative complications (readmission, reoperation, reintubation, wound dehiscence, cerebrovascular accidents, and mortality). Results 9 96 181 patients were identified in the database, 17 786 of whom were determined to have CP, of whom 16.0% had congenital heart defects (CHD) and 13.2% had congenital pulmonary defects (CPD). Patients with CHD and CPD were at a significantly greater risk of increased LOS and all but one operative complication rate (wound dehiscence) relative to patients with CP without a history of CHD and CPD. Conclusion This study suggests that congenital cardiopulmonary disease is associated with increased adverse outcomes in the setting of CP repair. Thus, heightened clinical suspicion for coexisting congenital anomalies in the presence of CP should prompt referring providers to perform a comprehensive and multidisciplinary evaluation to ensure cardiopulmonary optimization prior to surgical intervention.