Trends in Cleft lip and/or Palate Prevalence at Birth in Mexico: A National (Ecological) Study Between 2003 and 2019

Abstract

Objective To describe trends in cases and prevalence at birth rates of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in Mexico between 2003 and 2019. Design Ecological study. Setting Multiple data sources systematically collected into a national epidemiological surveillance data warehouse. Participants National Live Birth Information System. Main Outcome Measure(s) Both cases and prevalence at birth rates of CL/P in Mexico within a 17-year period were used as dependent variables. Results At the national level there were 23 184 new cases of CL/P (average of 1364 per year) in the 32 states of Mexico, with an average prevalence at birth rate of 0.53 per 1000 live births. The states with the highest prevalence at birth rates of CL/P during the period were Hidalgo (1.59) and Jalisco (1.32), while the states with the lowest rates were Nayarit (0.22) and Durango (0.29). A slight decrease in both cases (z = −2.41, P = .016) and prevalence at birth rates (z = −2.58, P = .010) of CL/P was observed at the national level. States such as Durango, Puebla, Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Mexico City, State of Mexico, Coahuila and Jalisco showed a clear downward trend ( P < .05) in their prevalence at birth of CL/P between 2003 and 2019, while in Hidalgo its trend was upward ( P = .05). Significant differences by sex and region were observed ( P < .05). Conclusion Some states consistently had the highest or lowest prevalence of CL/P. Decreasing trends in the overall prevalence at birth rates were observed. More detailed, epidemiological studies are necessary to adequately characterize CL/P in the Mexican population.